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To truly grasp the nascent formation of selfhood, we must venture into the non-organic realm and explore its dynamics. Here, certain materials, in their various forms, exhibit specific and patterned behaviors that create stable systems. Examples abound in our natural surroundings, requiring no abstraction to understand these occurrences.
Patterns in nature, purely inorganic and rooted in the material dynamics of matter, are ubiquitous. Consider the homeostatic balancing of sugar dissolved in liquid, which naturally moves from areas of higher concentration to lower concentration until equilibrium is achieved. Or observe the flow of water through an opening in a tub, forming a whirl that accelerates water molecules around the rim. Crystal and snowflake formations, with their highly patterned angles and perfect symmetry, also illustrate spontaneous emergence of predictable shapes. However, we cannot attribute agency to these processes.
When examining more complex systems, nature produces entities that maintain themselves through self-sustenance and self-regeneration—autopoietic processes. Such systems give rise to self-sustaining, self-reproducing entities that continuously regenerate and maintain themselves through their own processes and interactions with the environment. Biologists Humberto Maturana and Francisco Varela originally developed the concept of autopoiesis to describe the self-maintaining chemistry of living cells.
A coral reef ecosystem exemplifies an autopoietic system through its ability to maintain a distinct boundary, regulate internal processes, and continuously exchange energy and matter with its environment. The synergy of living and non-living components within the reef sustains and regenerates the ecosystem, bridging the gap between living cells and rudimentary autopoietic systems.
Entities such as viruses, prions, viroids, bacteriophages, and protocells dwell in the twilight zone between living and non-living. They exhibit characteristics of living organisms, like replication and environmental responsiveness, yet lack others, such as autonomous metabolism and cellular structure. While they do not fully meet the criteria for autopoiesis, they illuminate the nuanced continuum between life and non-life.
The crux of my argument is that life processes and their early emergence hinge on the formation of a self-sustaining entity that creates a boundary between itself and its environment. To be alive, an entity must achieve a status of selfhood, demarcated from its environment. While it may depend on the environment for sustenance, it must possess the capacity to regenerate its internal processes and constituents. From this perspective, life and self are synonymous. Life is a process that bestows matter with a separate and independently viable identity.
For this process to take shape and sustain itself, it must be underpinned by patterns fashioned by the natural dynamics of matter in its various forms, bound together continuously by electromagnetic forces. Was this process merely a manifestation of material dynamics, or was it an electromagnetic pattern that co-opted matter, initiating a self-sustaining electron chain? This is a question worth exploring. Is life an imprint of an electromagnetic field etched onto matter, using and adapting it to express increasingly complex forms?
Once a self-sustaining molecular system composed of rudimentary molecules emerged, it embarked on a journey of increasing complexity. This increase in complexity, coupled with efficient entropy reduction, acts as a template, scaling from unicellular to multicellular levels, ultimately forming the sophisticated tapestry of life we observe today.
. two primary objectives can be identified : one is the creation of efficiency in reducing entropy, and the second is to accumulate more energy, thereby increasing the overall energy flow in the system. This progression leads unicellular organisms to evolve into multicellular organisms, which continue to advance in complexity while enhancing their efficiency in reducing entropy.
A crucial point here which we need to start understanding and making sense is that of agency and sense of self separate from non self;: the concept of agency and selfhood originates right at the onset of life processes. With the formation of the first self-sustaining electron chain, a rudimentary and primordial form of agency and selfhood emerges because the matter begins to interact with its environment in an informed manner. This interaction implies a level of autonomy and purpose inherent in the very basics of life.
This selfhood evolves in parallel with the increasing complexity of the organization of matter, all the while adhering to the two primary objectives of reducing entropy and enhancing energy flow. This evolution progresses through various stages of life—from plants to animals, and within animals, from simpler forms to more complex ones like mammals, primates, and eventually humans. Each step represents a refinement and intensification of selfhood, alongside a more sophisticated mechanism for managing entropy. This continuous chain marks a trajectory of ever-increasing complexity and coherence in selfhood.
The primary purpose of this ongoing process of differentiation and complexity is to enhance efficiency and increase overall complexity, aligning with the objectives of managing entropy and energy flow more effectively. This continuous progression not only pertains to physical and biological complexity but also influences the evolutionary trajectory of consciousness and self-awareness.
Multiscalar intelligence
Each evolutionary step from unicellular organisms to more complex multicellular forms displays a level of intelligence that correlates with their level of selfhood. This intelligence manifests as various strategies to address environmental challenges, indicating an adaptive, problem-solving capability that scales up through biological complexity. This “multiscalar intelligence” evolves continuously, becoming more sophisticated up through primates and culminating in the human brain, – not an endpoint but as an advanced extension of this process, where intelligence and selfhood are highly developed. This perspective ties the progression of life forms to the evolution of intelligence and consciousness.
Here we might like to look into the progression of life form none other than our own origin from a single Egg to the development of the human embryo from zygote to a fully formed human with complex psychological and cognitive capacities is indeed a microcosm of the broader evolutionary journey from unicellular to multicellular life forms. This embryonic development process, known as ontogeny, mirrors the phylogenetic evolution of species in many ways.
Starting from the zygote, a single cell resulting from the fusion of sperm and egg, we see the initial phase of life where all genetic information necessary for a new individual is contained in a compact form. As the zygote divides and grows, it forms a blastocyst and then an embryo, gradually differentiating into more specialized cells and structures. This mirrors how, over evolutionary time, life diversified from simple forms into more complex organisms.
As the embryo develops, various organs and systems begin to form, and this stage is akin to the development of new biological capabilities in early multicellular organisms. By the time the embryo becomes a fetus, it has developed most major organ systems, though they continue to mature.
After birth, the human infant resembles earlier stages of mammalian evolution with basic reflexes and instincts. However, as the child grows, the brain’s development accelerates, encompassing higher cognitive functions, social behaviors, and problem-solving skills, reflecting the evolutionary progression toward advanced intelligence and social organization seen in primates, especially humans.
This rapid progression of human cognitive development from infancy through childhood and into adolescence mirrors the accelerated pace of human cultural and technological evolution, showcasing how biological, psychological, and sociocultural evolution are intertwined.
Exploring this parallel helps highlight the integrative process of development and evolution, offering insights into how complex traits like intelligence, consciousness, and selfhood have evolved over millions of years. It’s a profound illustration of life’s continuity and complexity, all encapsulated in a single human lifespan.
we consider that selfhood and agency are present from the earliest stages of life, even at the unicellular level, it’s intriguing to think about these qualities existing in a zygote. This early form of selfhood is inherently biological and tied to the very mechanisms of life and survival, and as the zygote develops into a fetus and eventually is born as a newborn, this rudimentary selfhood is carried through each stage.
As the fetus develops, its neurophysiological structures begin to form and differentiate. This foundational neurological architecture will support all future cognitive, emotional, and sensory processing. The brain of a newborn, though not fully developed, already has the primary systems necessary for basic perception and interaction with its environment, which are crucial for the initial experiences of agency and selfhood.
These experiences are shaped by interactions with the world; a newborn quickly starts to learn from environmental stimuli. The responses it elicits from its caregivers, for example, begin to reinforce its sense of self and other, laying the groundwork for more complex forms of self-awareness. This primary neurophysiological structure supports the baby’s basic needs and interactions but will continue to grow and become more complex, mirroring the cognitive and psychological development we see in the progression from a newborn to a child.
This development is not just about growing more neurons or synapses but also about how these structures are used—how experiences shape the brain’s pathways, reinforcing some connections while letting others lapse. This dynamic process reflects the evolving nature of selfhood, shaped continuously by both internal biological factors and external social interactions.
Primordial self
The concept of the “primordial self” is rooted in the very foundations of our earliest existence, carrying forward the essence of selfhood from the embryonic stage. This primordial self is underpinned by two core components: interception, which relates to the internally felt experiences, and exteroception, which involves the processing of external sensory stimuli. Together, these form the basic structure of the primordial self.
The interoceptive aspect captures the internal state of the body—these are the sensations like hunger, pain, and comfort that a child feels from the very beginning. This internal awareness is crucial as it informs the organism about its basic needs and well-being, which is fundamental for survival.
Exteroception, on the other hand, involves the development of sensory perceptions through which the child begins to interact with and understand the world around them. This includes sight, sound, touch, and other sensory modalities. As these sensory systems develop, they provide the child with crucial information about their environment, facilitating learning and adaptation.
While the primordial self comprises these basic sensory and interoceptive experiences, it does so without the higher-level conscious awareness we associate with mature cognition. This means that while a newborn interacts with and responds to its environment, the awareness it has is not reflective or constructed with a narrative, as seen in older children and adults.
This foundational stage sets the groundwork for the development of more complex forms of self-awareness and consciousness as the child grows. The interactions between their internal states and the external world gradually contribute to a richer, more integrated sense of self, paving the way for the emergence of higher consciousness and self-reflective capabilities.
There is a compelling connection between the neurophysiological structures, specifically at the brainstem level involving systems like the superior colliculi , periaqueductal gray(PAG) and cochlear systems, and their role in maintaining the spatial and temporal orientation of the primordial self and suffusing it with emotion.. This foundational level supports not just physical balance but also contributes to a rudimentary sense of self that is oriented in space and time, providing a basic, felt experience of existence.
Moving into the emotional aspects, emotions likely evolve as mechanisms to maintain homeostatic balance. In this framework, primary emotions are responses to disturbances in the interoceptive field. These disturbances signal deviations from physiological equilibrium, prompting emotional responses that serve to restore balance. This conceptualization aligns well with theories that view emotions fundamentally as biological mechanisms for regulating life processes.
Jaak Panksepp’s work on core emotional systems provides a profound insight into this topic. He identified several distinct emotional systems in the brain—such as SEEKING, FEAR, RAGE, LUST, CARE, PANIC/GRIEF, and PLAY—that are thought to be neurologically and functionally distinct, yet universally present across mammalian species. Each of these systems serves specific adaptive functions and is tied to fundamental biological needs.
Panksepp’s model suggests that these core emotional systems are deeply rooted in the brain’s architecture, arising from the primordial self. These emotions are not just reactive but are predictive, guiding behavior in ways that enhance survival and reproductive success. For instance, the SEEKING system drives the organism to explore and acquire resources, while the FEAR system helps avoid dangers.
Merging the instinctual systems identified by Panksepp with the concept of the growing primordial self offers a fascinating perspective on the development of consciousness and personality. As this primordial self matures, it’s not only shaped by its initial sensory and interoceptive inputs but also deeply influenced by these instinctual systems, which provide a structured response framework to environmental stimuli and intThe interaction between the primordial self and these instinctual packages could be envisioned as a dynamic process where each instinct contributes to the shaping and refining of selfhood. For example:
- The SEEKING system could drive the exploratory behaviors and curiosity that lead to learning and cognitive development, thus expanding the self’s understanding of the world.
- The FEAR and RAGE systems might define boundaries and protective measures, influencing how the self interacts with threats and stressors, potentially shaping personality traits related to resilience and aggression.
- The LUST and CARE systems are crucial for the development of social bonds and reproductive behaviors, which could integrate into the self’s social identity and affiliative behaviors.
- The PANIC/GRIEF system might be fundamental in developing the capacity for deep emotional connections and empathy, as responses to loss and separation could enhance the social and emotional aspects of the self.
- The PLAY system likely plays a critical role in social learning and the development of social cognition, impacting how the self learns to navigate complex social environments.
References:
- Becker, R. O., & Selden, G. (1985). The Body Electric: Electromagnetism and the Foundation of Life. Harper.
- Ho, M. W. (1998). The Rainbow and the Worm: The Physics of Organisms. World Scientific.
- Deamer, D. W. (1997). The First Living Systems: A Bioenergetic Perspective. Microbiology and Molecular Biology Reviews, 61(2), 239-261.
- Russell, M. J., & Kanik, I. (2010). Why does life start, what does it do, where is it going? Journal of Cosmology, 5, 1008-1039.
- Schrödinger, E. (1944). What is Life? The Physical Aspect of the Living Cell. Cambridge University Press.
- Chaisson, E. J. (2001). Cosmic Evolution: The Rise of Complexity in Nature. Harvard University Press.
- Morowitz, H. J. (1968). Energy Flow in Biology: Biological Organization as a Problem in Thermal Physics. Academic Press.
- Lane, N. (2009). Life Ascending: The Ten Great Inventions of Evolution. W. W. Norton & Company.
- Deacon, T. W. (2012). Incomplete Nature: How Mind Emerged from Matter. W. W. Norton & Company.
- Kauffman, S. A. (1993). The Origins of Order: Self-Organization and Selection in Evolution. Oxford University Press.
- Maturana, H. R., & Varela, F. J. (1980). Autopoiesis and Cognition: The Realization of the Living. D. Reidel Publishing Company.
- Thompson, E. (2007). Mind in Life: Biology, Phenomenology, and the Sciences of Mind. Harvard University Press.
- Sagan, D. (2011). Cosmic Apprentice: Dispatches from the Edges of Science. University of Minnesota Press.
- Margulis, L. (1998). Symbiotic Planet: A New Look at Evolution. Basic Books.
- Dawkins, R. (2006). The Selfish Gene. Oxford University Press.
- Bonner, J. T. (1988). The Evolution of Complexity by Means of Natural Selection. Princeton University Press.
- Gould, S. J. (1977). Ontogeny and Phylogeny. Harvard University Press.
- Carroll, S. B. (2005). Endless Forms Most Beautiful: The New Science of Evo Devo. W. W. Norton & Company.
- Gazzaniga, M. S. (2008). Cognitive Neuroscience: The Biology of the Mind. W. W. Norton & Company.
- Kuhl, P. K. (2004). Early language acquisition: Cracking the speech code. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 5(11), 831-843.
- Damasio, A. (2010). Self Comes to Mind: Constructing the Conscious Brain. Pantheon.
- Seth, A. K. (2013). Interoceptive inference, emotion, and the embodied self. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 17(11), 565-573.
- Craig, A. D. (2002).
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Owning a timepiece is not just about telling time. It signifies refined taste and heritage craftsmanship.
Whether you prefer a classic design, Swiss watches provide unparalleled precision that lasts for generations.
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Предлагаем транспортные услуги с автобусами и микроавтобусами для крупных корпораций, компаний среднего и малого сегмента, а также частным лицам.
Автобус для деловых поездок
Обеспечиваем комфортную и спокойную транспортировку для групп людей, предусматривая транспортные услуги на торжества, корпоративы, туристические поездки и все типы мероприятий в Челябинске и области.